Notes from undergroundBeing Lynda BarryFor the legendary cartoonist, it's been a [very bumpy] road less takenBy Christopher Borrelli"There's a gas leak."
That's the first thing Lynda Barry said to me. Then she looked at me sideways, like a shy child, and though it was late summer and uncommonly pleasant, conducive to an outdoors interview, she led me into the living room, where we talked for hours, enveloped by disorienting fumes, which grew in pungency by the minute. She wore a red bandanna, which she wears a lot; a white shirt because she sweats a lot; glasses with lenses so thick they reminded me of an aquarium; and intense red lipstick, because that's her uniform. "The great thing about leaving Chicago for Wisconsin," she said, "is Wisconsin's full of eccentrics." "There's no pressure to be straight. You might think there is. But they know I'm a nut. There are a lot of nuts here, which is good because the thing I can't do is tamp down the way I look. This is as straight as I get. I look crazy. I know I do. Been true since I was a kid! I looked like Alfred E. Newman. Now look at me!"
"Not much has changed—not since the last time we saw Lynda Barry. If you first read her in the 1980s, or got to know her during one of her appearances on "Late Night with David Letterman," it's all still there. Her sweaty awkwardness remains, as does her effusive warmth. And yet everything has changed. If you've heard of her, you remember "Ernie Pook's Comeek," her stinging comic strip about her (thinly veiled) childhood. Or you recall "The Good Times Are Killing Me," her Off-Broadway play about a racially mixed neighborhood, which started in Chicago. Or you read "Cruddy," her violent road-trip novel that became a staple of hipster bookshelves. In which case, her art still bears the mark of a distracted doodler, and her writing, simultaneously bitter and open-hearted, remains the voice of a wounded child, with the bittersweet notes of an adult who has not forgotten a thing.
That said, in October, so quietly even her close friends didn't know, the 52-year-old stopped drawing "Ernie Pook's Comeek." She stopped shy of the comic's 30th anniversary, which should have been this year. The strip began in the Chicago Reader, where it had taken on the feel of wallpaper, always there.
When I asked her why she quit, she said she was syndicated in only four papers anyway. A decade ago, she was in 70 alternative weeklies. Meanwhile, the Reader was paying $80 a week, the same as in 1979, and other papers were paying $25 a week—in other words, she was getting $155 a week for the strip that made her reputation, landed her on Letterman, got her a deal with HarperCollins, launched a brilliantly stubborn career, and became an inspiration to a generation of cartoonists with memoirs in their heads. She did not seem phased, though. In moments like this, Barry strikes a casual voice. She says, "It felt like an ax to the forehead." Then, after a moment, "It's cool."
It's cool because, even as she is waning as a weekly presence, she has a gathering sainthood within the comics community, a sense of impending canonization alongside cartooning legends like R. Crumb.
Consider this from cartoonist Chris Ware, one of her strongest supporters: "I say with absolute conviction that, just as Charles Schultz created the first sympathetic cartoon character in Charlie Brown, Lynda was the first cartoonist to write fiction from the inside out—she trusted herself to close her eyes and dive down within herself and see what she came up with. We'd still be trying to find ways into stories with pictures if she hadn't."
If one way of measuring an artist's importance is output, then Barry is nearing a new peak—next month brings the release of her next book, "The Nearsighted Monkey," and a year from now, a 10-volume reprint of every Lynda Barry strip ever. Asked about her slow resurrection, Matt Groening, the creator of "The Simpsons" and Barry's best friend, says simply: "I do see it beginning to happen—and it's overdue."
Cartoonist Ivan Brunetti, who grew up on the South Side reading Barry and teaches art at Columbia College Chicago, wastes no words: "She's become one of the most important cartoonists we have—however quietly people are recognizing it. She was first to do fictional comics that felt autobiographical, which is the draw today with graphic novels, and she was the first strong female voice in comics. But most importantly, I think it's become increasingly known that she moved the medium closer to real literature."
The first time they met, Brunetti says, Barry had asked a handful of friends back to her hotel room for drinks. "While we were all sitting there, she asked if anyone had ever thought seriously about killing someone and how they would do it. It was hilarious and random, and you know, as left-field as it sounded, these people had shrewd, detailed plans. But then she knew they would."
The day of the gas leak, Barry and I were sitting in the living room of Kelly Hogan, the Chicago torch singer, who splits her time working as Barry's assistant and recording with singer Neko Case. Hogan moved here, eight miles from Barry's farm (which is an hour from Madison), in May, in part to be closer to Barry.
Barry moved to Wisconsin with her husband in 2002, after being priced out of Evanston. Thus began, more or less, a self-imposed isolation. She rarely saw friends, sometimes not leaving the house for weeks. Asked why, she sounded earnest and evasive: "Something disconnected around 2000, some wire came out of the wall."
Meanwhile, the gas was enveloping us, stinging like chlorine. There was a black poodle with watery eyes curled at her feet, and as I listened to her, I began to wonder if I would die. Walls tilted. My vision blurred.
I heard Barry explain that the dog at her feet was named Ed Martin, but he appears in her comics under the pen name of Fred Milton, and that she has a lot of dogs, and that Ooola, the shepherd mix she found in a shelter and wrote about in "One! Hundred! Demons!," her 2002 "autobiofictionography," had died, and I said all of the dogs in her comics tend to look like this dog, and she said, "Turns out with dogs, you can pretty much have the same dog over and over, looks-wise."
Hogan poked her head in.
"Going to Piggly Wiggly," she said.
"Have fun," Barry said.
"Anything?"
"At the Pig, no."
"Back soon. Need to fry up some okra before the guy shows up to shut off that gas."
The wooden front door slammed against the wooden frame. Barry looked at me and grinned.
A few weeks later on a bright fall morning, I was back in Wisconsin, headed for Barry's farm, when I found myself behind an old pickup, whose bumper sticker read, in letters that suggested overinflated tomatoes, "Oh, What a Friend We Have in Cheeses." A dog ran alongside my car for what seemed a mile, then dropped and scratched at its stomach. The truck was so slow, my mind started to wander. I had recently taken Barry's writing workshop, one of her few sources of income now. The central exercise, which she learned from her beloved college art teacher Marilyn Frasca, was to visualize and catalog an image in your head. I did this to pass the time, focusing instead on my surroundings: fields sprawling into the distance, coming to rest at far-off strip malls; above, a cloud in the shape of Connecticut. Behind, pavement, silos, an occasional cow.
These days, Barry generally wants to talk about two things—the wind farm industry, which she spends most of her time opposing; and this writing workshop, a two-day seminar called "Writing the Unthinkable," which is meant to remove the angst from creativity. Hogan books it around the country and Barry gives her half the profits.
So popular is the course, it recently spawned a book, "What It Is," which itself is so unusual that the word "book" seems wrong. Picture yellow notebook paper crammed with watercolors of octopi and drawings of Snoopy and text loaded with memories of growing up without encouragement and collages of clipped magazine photos and doodles of the Virgin Mary. The point is delivering advice on how to free your inner writer. It's hard to believe it was published at all, never mind that Montreal-based Drawn & Quarterly has gone through three printings (and sold 30,000 copies).
To flip through it is to feel adrift in someone's daydream. "What I teach with the book and the course," she tells me, "is a physical activity, which is doodling when you're not writing, which itself should induce a state of mind. Which is getting yourself to the place you are when someone tells a joke. You're open, right? It's the place you go when your body's asleep and you can feel the dream starting to come on. I try and get calm so the ideas don't go away. I let it come slowly. Then as the ideas come I write slower. Which may sound counterintuitive! But you don't have to catch ideas. They're like the ocean around you."
Thus Barry's work, she says, is never premeditated. She never considers what to draw or write until she begins. ("Ernie Pook," and its menagerie of sticky child characters, never had anything like a plot.)
When she shows me the novel she's finishing, about a man who decides he's not going to live long enough to write a book so he creates the spines of books he might have written, she reveals how she's been writing it, i.e. she paints each sentence, each letter, in watercolors—so slowly, you wonder how she recalls what she's writing about.
Barry lives on a long county road without a name, just a letter. After a few minutes of manicured fields, I spot her farm—a modest 12 acres, a short jog from the town of Footville (pop. 770). Kelly Hogan had said I couldn't miss it, "the most plant-happy, overgrown-looking farm on that road—very natural, yellow aluminum siding, pole barn, white buildings, tin rooftops, dogs barking their asses off." No joke: Barry's farm is a Munsters homestead at the edge of a Mayberry town, but in a nice way. Designed by her husband, Kevin Kawula—who, for six years, has relentlessly pruned its non-native plants while reintroducing more natives—its grasses grow high and undulate in the wind. Sunflowers tower. Bluebirds dart. Four times a day Barry walks the quarter-mile path carved into the curled grass. We trudge. She breathes lightly. She leads me to a grain silo and pokes her head in, twists her body to look up, shouts into the empty tower, pulls her head out, and says, "Love doing that."
Her home is smaller than her barn, which contains a grizzly bear's head, a vintage pickup, and, dangling from a beam, a Cuddly Dudley puppet, a souvenir of the old WGN kiddie show "Ray Rayner and His Friends." She stumbled on it at the local Dig n' Save. The centerpiece of the farm, though, is her studio. It took Kawula more than a year to build it. The windows are wide and wrap around, so the studio resembles a wooden spaceship at the heart of a vast field. She can watch storms approach from here. Every cranny is packed, with paperbacks, DVDs, CDs, a furnace, a bathtub without feet, a bathroom, a painting by Chris Ware, an elaborate model home (from an auction), stuffed dolls losing stuffing, cigar boxes, dioramas, toppling piles of National Geographic and, in a corner, her work table. She opens a drawer. Paper explodes like a can of coiled snakes. "This pile here," she says, lifting up a stack of disorganized paper, "this will become my next novel."
I grab a phone book from a pile of phone books—she hates wasting paper and so every page, every surface, is covered with paintings and letters, each precisely the same height. But it's idyllic.
You can see why someone would hole up here—and why she is scared a proposed wind farm may be built less than a mile away. When she's not working on her comics, she's organizing against the wind industry, building Web sites, attending meetings, arguing against the environmental (and aesthetic) cost. "There will be no horizon anymore," she fumes. "People forget about motion sickness. The flicker from the shadows they throw!" She said she feels like part of the French Resistance—she's the cartoonist, thrown together with an assortment of locals, most more conservative than she's used to socializing with.
They ask what kind of books she writes. She tells them "horror" —which isn't far from the truth.
She was born in Wisconsin, moved to Seattle with her Filipino mother at age 4. Her father, a butcher, left when she was young. The gory details are in her strips—the mother a cartoon gargoyle, the trailer parks where she lived, the casual cruelty of friends and family.
"It was Bizarro World. Everything backward. My mom didn't want me to go to college. She didn't want me to read—when I read, I may as well have been holding a pineapple." Barry lived a block from school and would arrive before dawn. The janitor would let her in. She would help take down chairs. She gravitated to the teachers. When school closed for the night, she would hang around until the last teacher drove away from the parking lot.
Alison Bechdel, who had great success a couple of years ago with "Fun Home," a graphic-novel memoir about growing up with a troubled father, said she remembers, as a teenager, reading Barry every week and thinking, " 'Good God, what kind of childhood did this person have?' It's remarkable for someone to do a brilliant piece now and then. But for 30 years, with that level of consistency? That's a staggering accomplishment. What's frightening is how much access she has to her subconscious."
I ask Barry why she has never moved beyond childhood, and she says, "I don't know. I don't know. I think maybe because those years are vivid. We don't have money at that age, so we can't buy our way out of a situation. We can't drive away. You're on foot a lot. You see a lot on foot."
I ask if she liked "Peanuts." She says she appreciates it now, but hated it at the time—too melancholy for a sad child. She liked "Family Circus"—"You know how everything's in a circle? I wanted to reach into it." She recently met Jeff Keane, the son of "Family Circus" creator Bil Keane. She says she touched his hand and burst into tears.
Matt Groening says he tried to get Barry to go Hollywood in the '80s. "I said to Lynda, 'Let's write a romantic comedy,' and she agreed." A pitch meeting followed at a Los Angeles movie studio. Groening remembers walking into the executive's enormous office, where Barry immediately moved toward a cagelike sculpture in the corner and stood inside it.
"That was the high point," Groening says. When they sat on the sofa, Barry cheerfully told the exec that it was Groening's birthday.
"Happy birthday," the exec replied.
"It's not," Groening said.
"It is," Barry said.
"It's not," Groening said.
"Lynda insisted it was," Groening remembers. "I gave up and said 'Yes, it's my birthday.' I looked crazy."
Afterward, Groening was mortified. Barry remembers spittle plastering Groening's windshield. She says he was frothing at the mouth. Groening remembers his car shaking, but doesn't recall the spittle.
In any case, according to Barry, Groening felt she was torpedoing her career. He felt she wasn't taking herself seriously enough.
But even now, Groening describes Barry as his oldest and dearest friend. They met at Evergreen State College in Olympia, Wash., in the early 1970s. Groening says it was the kind of school where the word "class" was forbidden, but "group contract" was OK. There were no grades. He was the editor of the school newspaper and heard about a girl in a nearby dorm who wrote to Joseph Heller, author of "Catch 22." She had asked Heller to marry her and Heller had written back to politely decline, citing his unwillingness to live in a dormitory.
Groening and Barry became friends, and when he began writing for the Los Angeles Reader, an alternative weekly, Groening would tell everyone about Barry. Bob Roth, at the Chicago Reader, read her stuff and remembers hiring Barry because it "made telling observations about real life, which is also what the Reader aspired to at the time."
According to Barry, the sale of a single comic to Roth paid the rent.
Steadily, though slowly, her strip caught on and became a standard of alterative weeklies across the country. Groening remembers her being successful enough to talk about buying real estate.
He also remembers once proposing to Barry, though they were just friends: "I was visiting her in Seattle and she says I was drunk but I wasn't. I was a typical bachelor standing in an apartment saying, 'You know, we could get married.' "Her response was 'The hell!' "
By the late '80s-early '90s, at the peak of her success, Barry was a force of nature, says Heather McAdams, whose own deeply personal, untitled comics became ubiquitous for a short time—part of a handmade, ratty-at-the-edges Chicago scene of zines, roots rock and neighborhoods not yet gone condo. McAdams says that before Barry moved to Chicago in 1989 (bringing along her then-boyfriend Ira Glass), they were pen pals. When they met for the first time, "she came charging into the room and jumped on top of me and was yelling, 'Look at you! You have a bigger smile than I do! You're beautiful!' "
As McAdams tells it, she and Barry would climb on stage at (the long defunct) Lounge Axe and sing Loretta Lynn songs. Barry would stick her fist into her mouth. They wore cowboy boots and red lipstick and were loud. Sometimes they hung out at Fitzgerald's. For years the pendulum on the Berwyn club's grandfather clock had a photo stuck to it of Barry dancing. They lived around the corner from each other and talked every day.
By the mid '90s, however, Barry had met Kawula, a prairie restoration expert. "Chicago was like a big party for a while," Barry said. "It was fun, but you don't want to live at the party."
She and McAdams stopped speaking (they're vague on why). Barry married Kawula and stopped using the phone— with editors, with everyone. Editing, press interviews—it was all by fax.
Barry was writing. Her novel, "Cruddy," was a success, but the publisher, Simon & Schuster, did not solicit any new work. At HarperCollins, which published some of her early cartoon collections, her editor left. Harper did not request new comics.
With her career threatening to become anorexic, Barry moved to Wisconsin. Slowly, compilations of her comics slid out of print. At the same time, alternative newspapers began to fold and consolidate. She had some modest success with Portland, Ore.-based Sasquatch Books—but that relationship fell apart too. So she began to sell work on eBay (her best source of cash these days). But primarily, she began to panic.
Then Chris Ware stepped in. Ware, whose graphic novel "Jimmy Corrigan: The Smartest Kid on Earth" made him one of the top contemporary cartoonists, had met Barry when he was in his 20s. She sent him "lengthy and inspiring letters," he says, "which kept me alive artistically when my self-confidence was at its lowest, an act of supreme generosity—I barely have time to answer the phone now let alone write six-page letters of encouragement to young cartoonists."
Last year, Ware found his chance to repay her: Chris Oliveros, the publisher of Drawn & Quarterly, the most adventurous publisher of graphic novels, had been anxious to work with Barry. But he couldn't reach her and assumed she was already contracted with another publisher. Ware connected them. And so, this spring, D&Q will release "The Nearsighted Monkey," followed by the 10-volume reissue of Barry's comic strip work.
"It felt like Katrina," Barry says. "The water's building. Then Chris Ware shouts, 'Hey, there's a cartoonist in that attic!' "
Francoise Mouly, art director of the New Yorker, says she had been sad about Barry for a long time "because I wasn't sure she was even doing comics anymore, not in any serious way. The last time I saw her in New York [last fall], she looked invigorated. I couldn't help think 'Lynda's back from the dead.' We should all have a self-imposed isolation in Wisconsin."
I asked Groening if he felt guilty about the disparity in their careers, and Groening says he's learned to back off. Barry has had a number of solid offers to adapt her strips to animation, but she and Groening have irrevocably different approaches. Says Groening, "I work with a huge number of people and I do this thing that's mainstream and pop culture and she's extremely personal. She is a master of the handwritten gesture. What I do is invariably collaborative. She transforms the ordinary into extraordinary, moving art but she is sensitive and I wouldn't want her to deal with the personalties."
Barry agrees—she doesn't collaborate well. As Groening puts it, when he looks at Barry, he does see the road less traveled. "We have a parallel universe thing going," he says. He could never live in Wisconsin, and she hates Los Angeles. He hates that she sells her art on eBay, and she says it's the only way a cartoonist as independent as she is can eke out a living.
Says Barry, "Matt is the kind of guy who likes to get telemarketers so he can screw with them." And Barry, says Groening, has embraced the idea of the teacher who changes lives. Indeed, when I took her two-day course, she ended by looking each student in the eye then screaming an effusive "GOOD! GOOD!"
The difference between their paths, as well as their fortunes, is stark. In the 1980s, when they were known as the king and queen of underground comics, Barry and Groening would do joint book signings. But Groening would always have a huge line and Barry would sit patiently waiting for anyone. A customer once asked her where the history section was.
Likewise, at the New Yorker Festival last October, one of the hottest tickets was an interview with Barry, conducted onstage by Groening. Tickets sold out in minutes. But Groening was the attraction—so much so that Barry worried that the audience would be disappointed with it being all Barry, and she insisted that a clip of "The Simpsons" be shown. When the two of them took questions, nearly all went to Groening. Barry listened, eyes twisted in concentration, nearly motionless; it's a talent she's had since childhood, she says, a near-supernatural ability to remain still for a long time.
Then a woman stood, sounding near tears. She told Barry that she grew up in Chicago and waited each week for a new "Ernie Pook." She said, "I want you to know how thankful I am for your creative choices. It's just a comic but it was important to me." Barry had a blubbery smile of profound gratitude. I'd seen that look before, a month earlier at a bar 10 miles from her home. We were eating cheeseburgers and she told me a story about Kelly Hogan. She said Hogan was leaving Neko Case's tour bus one night when she stepped on a cream doughnut.
"She slid on it, across the parking lot, really hurt her foot. One of the band members left the tour bus to have a look at the trail of cream and then he went back into the tour bus and looked at Kelly and said, 'Well, at least you rode it a while.' And that's exactly how I feel at the end of the day. This whole cartoonist thing—at least I rode it a while."